Throughout his life, Mandela denied being a communist. After his death in 2013, the South African Communist Party publicly acknowledged that he secretly joined before his imprisonment and even served on its central committee for a time. In what ways does Mandela hint at his private beliefs in Long Walk to Freedom?

In what ways was the Black Consciousness Movement an outgrowth of Africanism? What are the new scenes of struggle to which Black Consciousness applied the tenets of Africanism?

How were the ideals of Africanism twisted to support the bantustan system? Why did some African leaders participate in it?